1linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2“lexikon”means“wordorphrase”
3“logie”means“learningorthestudyof”
4lexicologymeans“scienceoftheword”.
5semantics:thestudyofthemeaningsofwordsandotherpartsoflanguage.
6etymology:studiesthemeanings,originandhistoryofindividualwordsandtheirdevelopment.
7phraseology(成语学）:mainlydealswithsetexpressionsandidioms.
8awordis“aminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction”.
9vocabulary:totalnumberofwordsthatmakeupalanguage.
10basicwordstockisthefoundationofthevocabularyaumulatedovercenturiesandformsthemoncoreofthelanguage.
11stability.wordsofthebasicwordstockhavebeeninuseforcenturies,
12productivity.wordsofthebasicstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords.
13polysemy.wordsbelongingtothebasicwordstockoften
possessmorethanonemeaning
14collocability.manywordsofthebasicwordstockenterquiteanumberofsetexpressions,idiomaticusages,proverbialsayingsandthelike.instancesarenumerous.
15argot—generallyreferstothejargonofcriminals.
16dialectalwords——arewordsusedonlybyspeakersofthedialectinquestion.
17archaismsarewordsorformsthatwereonceinmonusebutarenowrestrictedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse.18neologisms-arenewly-createdwordsorexpressions.
19aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling.
20translation-loans.translation-loansarewordsandexpressionsformedfromtheexistingmaterialintheenglishlanguagebutmodeledonthepatternstakenfromanotherlanguage.
21semantic-loans.wordsofthiscategoryarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform.
22sothethreesoundsarecalledphonemesratherthanmorphemes.
23themorphemeis‘thesmallestfunctioningunitinthepositionofwords’
24allomorphs(词素变体/语素变体/形位变体)
donotouratrandom,butarephoicallyconditionedandthuspredictable:
25afreemorphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.
26morphemes(粘附词素)whichcanmotour(standalone)asseparatewordsareboundmorphemes.
27boundrootisthatpartofwordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningjustlikeafreeroot.
28affixes:affixesareformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfunction(allaffixesareboundmorphemes).
29derivationalaffixes:areaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwords.
30affixation(词缀法)isgenerallydefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formorderivationalaffixestostems.affixationfallsintotwosubclasses:prefixationandsuffixation.
31prefixation前缀法istheformationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestostems.
32suffixation后缀法istheformationofwordsbyaddingsuffixestostems.
33pound复合句isa‘lexicalunitconsistingmorethanonestemandfunctioningbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyasasingleword’.
34conversion(词类转化法/转类法)istheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclass.thisisamethodofturningwordsofonepartofspeechtothoseofadifferentpartofspeech.
35blending（拼缀法）isaprocessofword-formationinwhichanewwordisformedbybiningpartsoftwowords.
36clipping截短法istoshortenalongerwordbycuttingapartofftheoriginalandusingwhatremainsinstead.
37acronymy(首字母拼音法)istheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialnounphrasesandtechnicalterms
38initialisms首字母缩略（合）词arewordspronouncedletterbyletter.thelettersareseparatedbyperiods,butmostofthemhavenoperiodsbetweenletters.
39acronyms(首字母拼音词）arewordsformedfrominitiallettersbutpronouncedasanormalword.
40back-formation(逆生法)
back-formationistheprocessofcreatinganewwordsby
removingarealorsupposedsuffix.
41reduplication(重叠法/递接法)
reduplicationisaminortypeofword-formationbywhichapoundwordiscreatedbytherepetitionofonewordortwowordswithachangeeitherinvowelorinconsonant.42analogy类比
analogyisaprocesswherebywordsarecreatedinimitationofotherwords(newlycreatedonesorexistingones).
43onomatopoeia(=echoism)
(拟声法/拟声词)onomatopoeia：theformationofawordfromasound.
44connotativemeaning(内涵意义)
connotativemeaningreferstotheovertonesorassociationswhichawordsuggestsorimplies.
45connotativemeaningisunstable,varyingconsiderablyaordingtoculture,historicalperiod,andtheexperienceoftheindividual.
46affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker’sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.
47polysemy(多义关系)
polysemyisamonfeaturetoallnaturallanguages.
48perfecthomonyms(完全同形同音异义词)arewords
identicalbothinsoundandspelling,butdifferentinmeaning,49homographs(同形异音异义词)arewordsidenticalonlyspellingbutdifferentinsoundandmeaning,
50homophones(同音异形异义词)arewordsidenticalonlyinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaning
51narrowing/specialization词义的缩小
52elevationofmeaning词义的升华
53degradation/pejoration词义的降格
54transferenceofmeaning词义的转移
55euphemism委婉语
第2篇：贸易专有名词汇总
贸易，是自愿的货品或服务交换。贸易也被称为商业。贸易是在一个市场里进行的交易行为。那么在贸易行为中产生的名词，用英语怎么表示呢?
A.V
从价运费
A/c(account)
帐目
A/R(allrisks)
全险
AB(Airborne)
空运
about(abt)
大约
Acc.(acceptance)
往来帐户
AcceptanceCredit
承兑信用*
Acceptance
承兑
Accidents
以外事故
account(A/C,Acct)
账单
ActsofGod
自然力
ActualQuality
实际品质
ActualTare(RealTare)
实际皮重
ActualTotal
实际全损
actualweight(A/W)
实际重量
adreferendumcontract
草约
Ad.Val
从价运费
AdditionalonDirect
直航附加费
AdditionalonoptionalDischargingPort
选卸附加费
AdditionalPremium
超额保费
address(add)
地址
advancepayment
提前付款
advance
贷款
advantage
优点,便利,利益
advertisement
广告
AdvisingBank
通知银行
AflatoxinRisk
黄曲霉素险
Agency
代理
agent(Agt)
代理商
airfreight
空运
airparcel
航空包裹
AirTransport
航空运输
AirTransportationcargoInsurance
航空运输货物保险
AirwayBill
航空运单
AllRisks
一切险
allow
让,供,提供,允许
allowance
津贴,折扣
alter
改动,变更
alternativegoods
可替换的物资
ambientcondition
环境条件
amount(Amt)
总额
AnnouncementofTender
发布招标公告
AnticipatoryL/C
预支信用*
applicant
申请人
application
用途
appraisal
评估,*价
approximate(Approx)
约计
approximation
近似,概算
April
4月
ArbitrationApplication
仲裁申请
ArbitrationClause
仲裁条款
ArbitrationProcedure
仲裁程序
Arbitration
仲裁
area
面积
arrow
前头,记号
article(Art)
条款
assets
资产
assignment
任务,转让
assurance
确信,保*
AtxxdaysafterdateofBillofLading
提单签发日后若干天付款
Atxxdaysafterdate
出票后若干天付款
Atxxdaysaftersight
见票后若干天付款
attachment
附件
Auction
拍卖
Auctioneer
拍卖人
audit
申计
August(Aug)
8月
AuthenticSurveyor
公*鉴定人
authorizedrepresentative
经授权的代表
AverageTare
平均皮重
average(av)
平均
avoiddampness
防潮
AvoidanceofDelay
防止延迟
awardofcontract
授予合同
Award
裁决
B.B.(billbook)
出纳簿
B.P.B(bankpostbill)
银行汇票
B.rec.(billreceivable)
应收*
B.S.(balancesheet)
资产负债表
B/D(bankdraft)
银行汇票
B/E(billofexchange)
汇票
B/L(BillofLading)
海运提单
B/L(billoflading)
提货单
B/R(bankrate)
银行贴现率
BacktoBackCredit
对背信用*
bag
袋
balancesheet
资产负债表,收支平衡
bale
包
bankfinancedproject
世界银行贷款项目
Banker'sAcceptanceCredit
银行承兑远期信用*
Banker'sDemandDraft
即期汇票
第3篇：定名的近义词
定名的近义词：命名
命名mìngmíng(1)[nominate]∶以某个名字或头衔称呼…化合物命名规律(2)[christen]∶用表示洗礼的仪式为某物(如船只)定名,或举行定名仪式(3)[terminize]∶给…(如一门科学)取名要恰当地命名(4)[crown]∶给…取名字卫星命名为“*一号”
定名词典解释
词语拼音：dìngmíng
词语解释：
定名dìngmíng
(1)[name]∶给予名字
这个公司定名为三城公司
(2)[denominate]∶确定名分;命名
事实毕竟是事实,这样定名的实*都具有科学的威望